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関連する概念動画

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Quantifying the Activity of cis-Regulatory Elements in the Mouse Retina by Explant Electroporation
07:38

Quantifying the Activity of cis-Regulatory Elements in the Mouse Retina by Explant Electroporation

Published on: June 28, 2011

シスおよびトランス遺伝子の調節における進化的変化

Patricia J Wittkopp1, Belinda K Haerum, Andrew G Clark

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. pw72@cornell.edu

Nature
|July 2, 2004
PubMed
まとめ

遺伝子発現の違いが進化の原動力である. この研究では,ほとんどの進化的遺伝子発現の変化は,ドロソフィラ種間の広範囲にわたるトランス調節効果ではなく,多数のシス調節変化から生じていることが明らかになりました.

科学分野:

  • 進化生物学の進化生物学について
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • 遺伝子発現の差異は,進化のプロセスにとって根本的なものです.
  • シス調節とトランス調節の両方の変化は,遺伝子発現の相違に寄与する.
  • 表現の相違に対するシス・およびトランス・レギュレーションの変化の相対的な貢献は十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターとドロソフィラ・シミュランスとの間の遺伝子発現の差異を基礎とするシスおよびトランス調節変化の分布を調査する.
  • 種特有の遺伝子発現の相違に対するシス・およびトランス・レギュレーションの変化の影響を定量化する.

主な方法:

  • F1ハイブリッドにおける種特有のトランスクリプトの相対的豊富さを比較して,機能的なシス調節差異を特定する.
  • ハイブリッドにおけるアレル発現比率と種間遺伝子発現比率を比較することによって,トランス調節活性を推論する.

主要な成果:

  • 異種間の発現の違いを持つ29の遺伝子のうち,28がシス調節的変化を示した.
  • シス調節の変化だけで,研究された遺伝子の約半分の発現の相違を説明できる.
  • トランス調節的差異は55%の遺伝子で観察され,常にシス調節的変化と併発した.

さらに関連する動画

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness
06:21

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness

Published on: May 7, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Quantifying the Activity of cis-Regulatory Elements in the Mouse Retina by Explant Electroporation
07:38

Quantifying the Activity of cis-Regulatory Elements in the Mouse Retina by Explant Electroporation

Published on: June 28, 2011

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness
06:21

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness

Published on: May 7, 2018

結論:

  • 異種間遺伝子発現の差異は,主に多数の全ゲノムにわたるシス作用の調節変化によって引き起こされます.
  • 広範な影響を持つ広範なトランス規制の変化は,これらのドロソフィラ種間の発現の相違の主な原因ではありません.