検診が英国で予防した子宮頸がんの流行を,スクリーニングが防ぎました
Julian Peto1, Clare Gilham, Olivia Fletcher
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. julian.peto@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|July 21, 2004
まとめ
イギリスの国立子宮頸部スクリーニングプログラムは,子宮頸部がんによる死亡率の危険な上昇を逆転させ,推定10万人の命を救った. 早期スクリーニングは,女性の生涯死亡率を大幅に低下させます.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 最近の分析では,英国の国家子宮頸部スクリーニングプログラムの費用対効果が疑問視されている.
- 死亡率の減少と対比して,プログラムの財政的,心理的社会的な影響に関する懸念が存在します.
研究 の 目的:
- 国家スクリーニングプログラムなしで子宮頸がん死亡率の傾向を推定する.
- 死亡率に対する英国の国家子宮頸部スクリーニングプログラムの影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 1988年以前のイングランドとウェールズにおける子宮頸がん死亡率の動向の分析.
- 国家スクリーニングイニシアチブがない場合の将来の死亡率の傾向をモデリングする.
主要な成果:
- 35歳未満の女性における子宮頸がんの死亡率は1967年から1987年にかけて3倍に増加し,機会的なスクリーニングにもかかわらず高頻度であった.
- 1988年に開始された全国的なスクリーニングプログラムは,死亡率の上昇傾向を成功裏に逆転させました.
- 1951年から1970年の間に生まれた女性では,推定10万件の早死が回避される可能性がある.
結論:
- 子宮頸部スクリーニングは,年間約6,000人の死亡を回避し,潜在的な流行を防ぐことができました.
- スクリーニングは,特定の出生コホートにおける80人に1人の女性を救うと推定されており,命を救う1人当たり約3万6000ポンドの費用がかかります.
- 早期に子宮頸部スクリーニングを開始することは,生涯の死亡率を大幅に低下させる.
関連する概念動画
02:34Inhibition of Cdk Activity
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
01:33Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
02:59Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...