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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
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Published on: April 11, 2014

Pt上の最初の水層におけるアゴスティック相互作用と解離 (111)

Timo Jacob1, William A Goddard

  • 1Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 30, 2004
PubMed
まとめ

量子力学的計算により,プラチナ表面の水は,安定した未解離二重層とほぼ安定した部分解離状態を持つユニークな構造を形成することが明らかになりました. これらの発見は,燃料電池の触媒過程を理解するために極めて重要です.

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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

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Radical Formation: Homolysis

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Covalent Bonds

Overview
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.