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関連する概念動画

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
Irrotational Flow01:28

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
09:08

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: February 6, 2014

固体ヘリウムにおけるスーパーフローの観測

E Kim1, M H W Chan

  • 1Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 4, 2004
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,固体ヘリウム-4の非古典的な回転惰性を観察し,固体状態で超流体的な振る舞いを実証した. この発見は,物質の3つの相すべてに超流動性が存在することを示唆しています.

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Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode
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Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
09:08

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: February 6, 2014

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode
08:41

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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科学分野:

  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • 量子流体力学とは

背景:

  • 超流動性 (superfluidity) は,粘度がゼロの物質の状態であり,通常は液体ヘリウム-4とヘリウム-3で観察される.
  • 固体状態の超流体,または超固体の存在は,長年にわたる理論的および実験的な課題でした.

研究 の 目的:

  • 固体ヘリウム-4における非古典的回転惰性 (NCRI) の可能性を調査する.
  • 固体ヘリウム-4が超固体行動を示す条件を特徴づけるために.

主な方法:

  • 固体ヘリウム-4をサンプルセル内の環状チャネルに閉じ込める.
  • サンプルセルをトルション運動にさらし,共振振動周期を測定する.
  • 振動周期の変化を観察するために,サンプルを230ミリケルビン以下に冷却します.

主要な成果:

  • 230ミリケルビン未満の共振振動期の明確な低下が観察され,NCRIを示す.
  • 17個の固体サンプルを測定し,融解線から66バーまでの超固体相境界をマッピングしました.
  • 固体ヘリウム-4が超流体のような振る舞いを示すことを実証した.

結論:

  • 固体ヘリウム-4は非古典的な回転慣性を示し,超固体の振る舞いを確認することができます.
  • 超固体相は,融解線付近の圧力と温度の範囲にわたって存在します.
  • 超流体の行動は,液体に限定されず,ヘリウム-4の固体相にまで広がり,物質の3つの状態すべてに存在することを示唆しています.