種の共絶滅と生物多様性の危機

Lian Pin Koh¹, Robert R Dunn, Navjot S Sodhi

¹Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 14, 2004

まとめ

種の共絶滅は,一つの種が絶滅したときに起こる.

科学分野:

生態学と進化生物学について
保護生物学の保護生物学
生物多様性研究生物多様性研究

背景:

共同絶滅は,別の種の絶滅による種の消失であり,生物多様性に対する重大な,しかししばしば見過ごされる脅威です.
多くの種は,特定の宿主またはパートナーに依存し,複雑な生態学的依存関係を生み出します.
現存する絶滅の推定値は,これらのカスケーディング絶滅のイベントを完全に説明できない可能性があります.

研究の目的:

種の共絶滅の範囲を評価するための確率モデルを開発し,適用する.
主体種が絶滅の危機に瀕している関連種の数を定量化する.
同絶滅のダイナミクスを含めるために,現在の絶滅の推定値を再調整する必要性を強調する.

主な方法:

共同絶滅パターンを分析するための確率モデルの開発.
モデルのスケーリングは,様々な共同進化したシステムからの経験的データによって行われます.
平均宿主特異性に基づくノモグラフィック法を使用して,絶滅危惧種を推定する.

主要な成果:

この研究では,フィクスのワスプとフィクスの木,寄生虫と宿主,蝶と宿主植物,蝶と宿主アリなど,様々なシステムにおける共絶滅を調査した.
現在,推定6300種のアフィリエイト種が,絶滅危惧種としてリストされている宿主種と併存して絶滅危惧種となっている.
同絶滅のレベルは,関連種の宿主特異性によって大きく異なります.

結論:

同絶滅は,地球上の生物多様性に対して,実質的で,定量化可能な脅威をもたらします.
保護戦略は,種の絶滅を正確に評価するために,共絶滅のリスクを組み込む必要があります.
絶滅の推定値の再調整は,生物多様性の保護の効果的な取り組みにとって極めて重要です.

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