人間の脳における知覚的な意思決定のための一般的なメカニズム
H R Heekeren1, S Marrett, P A Bandettini
1Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1148, USA. hauke@nih.gov
Nature
|October 16, 2004
まとめ
人間の脳は,異なるニューロングループからの出力を比較することによって,複雑な知覚的決定を計算します. 前頭前皮質で観察されるこの比較メカニズムは,顔や家を識別するなどのオブジェクト分類作業に役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
- 計算神経科学とは
背景:
- 単細胞の記録は,選択的に調節された感覚ニューロンの出力を比較することによって,知覚の決定が生じることを示唆しています.
- このメカニズムは,単純な運動検出タスクのために,人間以外の霊長類で実証されています.
研究 の 目的:
- ニューロン出力の比較が人間の脳における複雑なオブジェクト分類の基礎であるかどうかを調査する.
- この意思決定の計算に関与する脳の領域を特定するために.
主な方法:
- 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,分類作業で使用されました.
- 参加者は,提示された画像が顔か家か決定しました.
- 神経活動の分析は,意思決定の難しさと行動能力に関連して行われました.
主要な成果:
- 左背側側前頭前皮質 (ldlPFC) の活動は,容易な意思決定において高かった.
- このldlPFCの活動は,側頭側頭葉皮質の顔と家の選択領域の信号の違いと相関していた.
- ldlPFCのアクティビティは,分類タスクにおける行動パフォーマンスを予測した.
結論:
- ニューロンの出力の比較は,複雑なオブジェクトカテゴリーであっても,人間の脳における知覚的な意思決定のための一般的なメカニズムです.
- 左背側側前頭前皮質は,複雑な決定のためのこの比較を実装する上で重要な役割を果たします.
さらに関連する動画
07:05Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
Published on: September 10, 2018
05:48The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
Published on: June 12, 2020
関連する概念動画
Reason and Intuition
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: P-value Method
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Decision Making: Traditional Method
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Organization of the Brain
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Parallel Processing
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Decision Making
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
