言語と数学的概念の起源について
1Psychology and Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854. USA. rgelman@ruccs.rutgers.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 16, 2004
まとめ
人間と動物は,言語に関係なく,数に関する基本的な感覚を共有しています. この研究では,数学の言語が数学的認知とWhorfian仮説にどのように影響するか調査しています.
科学分野:
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
- 言語学 言語学とは
- アントロポロジー人類学
背景:
- アマゾンの先住民集団 (ピラハ,ムンドゥルルク) の研究で,数学的認知を調査しています.
- 言語,数概念,そして認知能力の関係を探求する.
- 人間における数値表現の起源を調べる.
研究 の 目的:
- 数学的概念の発展における言語の役割を調査する.
- 人間に言語独立の数値表現が存在するかどうかを判断する.
- 思考に対する言語の影響に関するホルフィアンの仮説を評価する.
主な方法:
- 原住民の集団との異文化的な認知研究.
- 広範囲にわたる数え方系と無数の言語を話す人の数学的能力の比較分析.
- 言語的決定論と弱弱のホルフィアン仮説を含む理論的枠組みのレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 人間には,言語とは無関係な数値表現能力があり,非言語を話す動物と似ています.
- この先天的な表現は,限られた精度とスケール不変性を表しています.
- 数えるシステムの範囲は,数学的認知に影響するが,それを決定するだけではない.
結論:
- 言語,特に数字の語彙は,形状を形づくるが,数学的思考を左右することはない.
- Whorfian仮説の微妙な見解を支持し,言語が認知に影響を与える.
- 生まれながらの数学的能力と言語構造の複雑な相互作用を示唆しています.
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