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Updated: May 10, 2026

06:16
mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
Published on: May 1, 2021
マイクロプロセッサ複合体は,マイクロRNAsの発生を媒介する
Richard I Gregory1, Kai-Ping Yan, Govindasamy Amuthan
1The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Nature
|November 9, 2004
まとめ
マイクロRNA (miRNA) は,遺伝子発現の重要な調節因子である. 研究者らは,DroshaとDGCR8を含むマイクロプロセッサ複合体を,プライマリトランスクリプトからmiRNAの生体生成に不可欠であると特定しました.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- マイクロRNA (miRNA) は,遺伝子発現を制御する小さな,コード化していない規制RNAです.
- miRNAは,細胞死,増殖,発育を含む様々な生物学的プロセスにおいて重要な役割を果たします.
- miRNA生物生成の正確なメカニズムは,現在,研究中です.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間のmiRNA処理に関与するタンパク質複合体を解明する.
- プライマリトランスクリプトからmiRNAsを生成する主要な構成要素を特定する.
主な方法:
- ドロシャを含むタンパク質複合体の生化学分析.
- イン・ビボ・ノックダウン研究.
- インビトロ溶解測定法.
主要な成果:
- 人間のドロシャは,2つの異なるマルチタンパク質複合体の一部です.
- マイクロプロセッサと呼ばれるより小さな複合体は,DroshaとDGCR8で構成されています.
- ドロシャとDGCR8は,プライマリミRNAのトランスクリプトからmiRNAの生成に必要で十分である.
結論:
- マイクロプロセッサ・コンプレックスは,miRNAバイオゲネシスを開始するためのコアメカニズムです.
- この発見は,miRNAsによる遺伝子調節の基本的メカニズムについての重要な洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

