アメリカの子供:経済展望と政策の選択肢
1Stanford University, CA 94305-8715.
まとめ
アメリカ人の子供,アメリカの子供.
科学分野:
- 子どもの福祉に関する研究.
- 幼児期の社会経済的な傾向
- 公共政策分析とは,公共政策の分析である.
背景:
- 米国における子どもの福祉は,前世代と比較して,精神的,身体的,感情的健康面において低下しています.
- 1960年代には,重要な物質的利益にもかかわらず,子供に影響を与える有害な文化的変化が見られた.
- 対照的に,1980年代には,特に低所得世帯の子どもたちの割合が著しく減少した.
研究 の 目的:
- ここ数十年でアメリカの子供たちの福祉の動向を分析する.
- 児童福祉に及ぼす文化的,経済的要因の影響を検証する.
- 子供を支援するためのさまざまな公共政策のアプローチの有効性と公平性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 子どもの福祉指標の縦断分析.
- 異なる数十年にわたる社会経済条件の比較研究.
- 政府の政策分析と雇用主によるプログラム.
主要な成果:
- アメリカの子供たちの全体的な幸福度は,前世代と比較して悪化しています.
- 子どもの経済的状況は1980年代に悪化し,低所得家庭に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼした.
- 1960年代の文化の変化は,子どもの幸福に悪影響を及ぼしました.
結論:
- 子供を支援する公共政策は,子どもを持たない世帯から子供を持つ世帯への資源の再配置を必要とします.
- 税額控除や児童手当などの政府主導の取り組みは,雇用主ベースのプログラムよりも効果的で公平です.
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