過去10年間の複雑な緊急事態から学んだ教訓
Peter Salama1, Paul Spiegel, Leisel Talley
1UNICEF, Kabul, Afghanistan. psalama@unicef.org
Lancet (London, England)
|November 16, 2004
まとめ
国際援助は,緊急事態における健康危機への対応を改善し,子供の栄養失調による死亡を減少させました. 世界保健目標を達成するために,キャンプの外で発生する主要な死因にさらに焦点を当てることが必要である.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 緊急医療 緊急医療
背景:
- 複雑な緊急事態における健康と栄養に関する国際的対応は進歩した.
- キャンプでの流行病に罹患しやすい病気に対する公衆衛生と臨床の対応が改善されています.
- 重度の栄養不良の子供の死亡率は,改善されたプロトコルと製品により大幅に低下しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 伝統的なキャンプ環境以外で,紛争の影響を受けた社会における主要な死因に新たな焦点を当てることの必要性を強調する.
- HIV/AIDSの影響を,特にサハラ以南のアフリカにおける緊急事態における罹病率と死亡率の重要な原因として強調する.
- より良い母子保健成果を達成するために,NGOと国連機関の調整,説明責任,戦略的ポジショニングの改善の重要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,人道的保健対応における現在の慣行と成果の見直しと分析である.
- 疾患の流行,死亡率,および複雑な緊急状況での介入の有効性に関するデータを統合しています.
- 分析では,地理的範囲,政治的境界,HIV/AIDSなどの特定の健康上の課題などの要因を考慮しています.
主要な成果:
- キャンプ内での流行の可能性のある病気の管理において,著しい改善が観察されています.
- 重度の栄養不良の子供の死亡率を大幅に削減することが達成されています.
- 感染症や栄養不良など,キャンプの外で発生する主な死因は,依然として存在し,標的を絞った介入が必要である.
結論:
- 進展があったにもかかわらず,紛争地域,特に収容所の外部や国境を越えた地域で発生する主要な死因は,より大きな注意を払う必要があります.
- 感染症 (呼吸器感染症,下痢,マラリア,麻疹),新生児の原因,栄養失調,HIV/AIDSの治療は極めて重要です.
- 人道的な組織間の強化された調整,説明責任,戦略的パートナーシップは,母子死亡率を削減し,国連のミレニアム開発目標を達成するために不可欠です.
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