関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 30, 2026

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Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation
Published on: November 22, 2016
計測学と国家:科学,収入,商業
1School of History, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK. W.J.Ashworth@liverpool.ac.uk.
まとめ
インチのような初期の量尺度は,個人に合わせて異なっていた. アダム・スミスは,貿易が拡大するにつれて,公正貿易のための標準化され,正確な測定の必要性を強調しました.
科学分野:
- 経済学 エコノミクス
- 科学の歴史 科学の歴史
- アントロポロジー人類学
背景:
- 歴史的に,自然的な尺度 (例えば,体の一部) が量のために使用されました.
- これらの自然的な尺度には標準化が欠け,価値の矛盾が生じました.
- アダム・スミスの1763年の講演では,人類測定の限界について論じた.
研究 の 目的:
- 自然から標準化された尺度への歴史的移行を検証する.
- 正確な測定システムを必要とする経済的要因を理解する.
- アダム・スミスの価値,交換,測定に関する洞察を分析する.
主な方法:
- アダム・スミスの1763年の"お金,価値,交換"に関する講演の分析.
- 18世紀後半以前の測定システムの歴史的レビュー.
- 貿易と商品取引の増加の経済的背景の検討.
主要な成果:
- 人間の比率 (ファスーム,肘,インチ) に基づく自然の尺度が一般的であった.
- 人間の解剖学的不一致性により,これらの測定は,等価で信頼できない.
- 複雑な貿易の増大により,より正確で統一された測定基準が必要になった.
結論:
- 標準化された計測は,公正な貿易と価値決定に不可欠となった.
- アダム・スミスの観察は,経済発展における正確な測定の重要な役割を強調しています.
- 18世紀後半は,正確な測定システムの採用にとって重要な時期でした.
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