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物理的パフォーマンスとダーウィンのフィットネスについて ワニの体格
Jean-François Le Galliard1, Jean Clobert, Régis Ferrière
1Laboratoire Fonctionnement et Evolution des Systèmes Ecologiques, CNRS UMR 7625, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France. j.f.l.galliard@bio.uio.no
Nature
|November 27, 2004
まとめ
身体的パフォーマンスは遺伝性が高いが,選択能力は弱い. 早期の栄養は,その発現に劇的な影響を及ぼし,耐久性における遺伝的優位性が維持されるか失われるかを決定するダイエットです.
科学分野:
- 進化の生理学について
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
背景:
- 遺伝的多様性は,進化的フィットネスに関連した特徴である身体的パフォーマンスに影響を与えます.
- それにもかかわらず,身体的パフォーマンスは,集団間で有意な変動を示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 運動能力に関する遺伝性,自然選択,環境要因の相互作用を調査する.
- 物理的パフォーマンスの変動の持続の背後にあるメカニズムを理解する.
主な方法:
- 一般 (Lacerta vivipara) の初期耐久性の遺伝性を評価した.
- 1ヶ月間にわたってパフォーマンスの変化を観察するために,調理された食事条件 (完全給食と食事制限) を操作しました.
- 運動能力 (疲労までの走行時間) の変化を,食事と初期耐久力との関係で追跡した.
主要な成果:
- 初期耐久性は,新生児のトカゲでは非常に遺伝的であった.
- 高い耐久性を好む自然選択は,予期せぬほど弱かった.
- 完全に栄養を受けた幼生は,性能の逆転を示し,低耐久性の個体は追いつき,高耐久性の個体は優位性を失いました.
- 食事制限により,耐久性の高い新生児は,パフォーマンスの優位性を維持することができました.
結論:
- 高い身体的パフォーマンスのための遺伝的可能性の表現は,生命の初期環境条件,特に栄養に決定的に依存しています.
- 食事によって媒介される環境の可塑性は,遺伝的特徴に対する自然選択の影響を覆い隠すことができる.
- これは,自然集団における表型変化を形作る複雑な相互作用を強調している.
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