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捕食動物による行動変化と自然選択が,フィールド実験におけるトカゲの集団における行動変化を誘発した
Jonathan B Losos1, Thomas W Schoener, David A Spiller
1Department of Biology, Campus Box 1137, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA. losos@biology.wustl.edu
Nature
|November 27, 2004
まとめ
新しい捕食者に直面するトカゲの行動の変化は,自然選択が変化するのを防ぐことはできませんでした. この研究では,自然集団の進化軌道を行動がどのように影響するかを実験的に検証した.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 行動生態学は,行動生態学である.
背景:
- 進化における行動の役割は議論されている:それは分岐を駆動したり,変化を遅らせたりすることができる.
- 行動の可塑性は,進化の停滞とニッチな保守主義を説明するかもしれない.
- 行動が新しい環境での自然選択を妨げているという仮説は,実験的なテストが欠けている.
研究 の 目的:
- 行動の変化が新しい環境における自然選択を妨げているかどうかを実験的にテストする.
- 変化した生息地の利用が進化的圧力に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 制御された,複製されたフィールド実験で,自然に生息するトカゲの個体群を用いた.
- 環境条件を変更するために侵入的な捕食者を導入する.
- 行動の変化 (生息地の利用) とその後の自然選択パターンのモニタリング.
主要な成果:
- ワニは,導入された捕食者に反応して,生息地の利用を大幅に変更しました.
- 観察された行動の変化は,自然選択パターンの変化を抑制しませんでした.
- 実験集団は,行動の調整にもかかわらず,選択の変化を示した.
結論:
- 行動の可塑性は,自然選択が新しい環境で活動することを必ずしも防ぐわけではありません.
- 改変した生息地の利用は,選択的圧力の変化とともに起こりますが,それとは独立して起こることはありません.
- この研究は,進化の完全な制約として行動という概念に挑戦する実験的証拠を提供します.
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