大気科学:平流圏の冷却と熱帯圏
Nathan P Gillett1, Benjamin D Santer, Andrew J Weaver
1School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada. gillett@uvic.ca
Nature
|December 8, 2004
まとめ
衛星による気温データは,地表データよりも温暖化が少ないことを示しており,気候モデルと矛盾しています. 新しい方法は,平流層の冷却を修正し,衛星と地表の温暖化傾向を調整し,気候モデルのシミュレーションを検証します.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 大気物理学 大気物理学
- リモートセンシングによる遠隔感知
背景:
- トロポスフィアの温度に関する衛星観測は,表面温度よりも温暖化が少ないことを示しており,確立された気候物理学と矛盾しています.
- Fu et al.による以前の研究. ストラトスフィアの冷却に関する統計的修正が提案されれば,これらの不一致を和らげることができる.
関連する概念動画
01:07What is Weather?
Overview
01:16What is Climate?
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
01:50Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
01:18Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas
When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
01:18Variation of Atmospheric Pressure
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
01:27Microbes and Climate Change
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...