層状雲の上の湿度の間接的なエアロゾール気候への影響は,エアロゾール気候を強制する
Andrew S Ackerman1, Michael P Kirkpatrick, David E Stevens
1NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA. andrew.ackerman@nasa.gov
Nature
|December 24, 2004
まとめ
汚染は,太陽光を反射する小さな雲の滴を作り出すことによって,惑星を冷やすことができます. しかし,この間接的なエアロゾール強制は複雑で,雲の水の増加が常に発生しないため,気候モデルに影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候モデリング
- クラウドのマイクロ物理学
背景:
- 人為的な温室効果ガスは地球温暖化の原因である.
- エアロゾール粒子は,雲に太陽放射線の反射を増やすことで温暖化を相殺することができます.
- 間接的なエアロゾールフォッシングは,複雑なエアロゾールと雲の相互作用のために,ほとんど理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- エアロゾールによって引き起こされる雲の滴の変化と雲の水分含有量との関係を調査する.
- 降水抑制に対する雲水の反応に影響を与える要因を決定する.
- 気候モデルにおける間接的なエアロゾールフォッシングの見積りを精査する.
主な方法:
- 流体力学モデルを用いたストラトキュミュルス雲のシミュレーション.
- 詳細な雲のマイクロ物理学と放射性移転処理を含める.
- 表面降水と引き寄せの乾燥の間の競争の分析.
主要な成果:
- 雲の水の反応は,上空の空気と滴の濃度の湿度に依存しています.
- 乾燥した空気の取り込みが強化されることがしばしば支配され,滴の濃度が増加するにつれて雲の水が減少します.
- この雲の水の減少は,一部の予想に反して,間接的な気候強制を減少させます.
結論:
- 間接的なエアロゾール強制は複雑で,大気条件に依存しています.
- 海洋境界層の雲は,汚染されたときにより多くの水を蓄積しないかもしれません.
- 正確な気候モデリングには,エアロゾールと雲の相互作用をよりよく理解する必要があります.
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