肉の消費と結腸直腸がんのリスク
Ann Chao1, Michael J Thun, Cari J Connell
1Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga 30329-4251, USA.
JAMA
|January 13, 2005
まとめ
赤い肉や加工肉の長期的高消費は,遠隔結腸がんや直腸がんのリスクの増加と関連しています. 逆に,家禽や魚を長期にわたって摂取すると,結腸がんのリスクが低下する可能性があります.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
背景:
- 流行病学的な研究は,赤肉と加工肉の消費と結腸直腸がんとの関連性を示唆しているが,長期的な影響と結腸直腸がん関連性についてはさらなる調査が必要である.
- 持続的な肉摂取パターンががんリスクに与える影響を具体的に分析した研究はほとんどありません.
研究 の 目的:
- さまざまな種類の肉の最近のおよび長期的な消費と,結腸および直腸がんを発症するリスクとの関連性を調査する.
- 大腸がんの発症における時間の経過における食事パターンの役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 大規模なコホート研究 (148,610人の成人) で,肉の摂取を繰り返し評価 (1982年,1992年/1993年) した結果,大腸直腸がんの診断について追跡調査を行った.
- 癌予防研究II (CPS II) の栄養コホートデータを用いて,2001年8月31日まで追跡調査を行った.
- 発生率比 (RR) は,肉の摂取に関連するがんリスクを評価するために計算されました.
主要な成果:
- 赤い肉や加工肉の最近の高摂取は,結腸がんのリスクの増加と関連していましたが,この関連性は,共変数を調整した後に減少しました.
- 長期にわたる加工肉の高消費は,より高い遠隔結腸がんリスクと相関している (RR, 1.50).
- 赤肉の持続的な高摂取量は,直腸がんのリスクの増加と関連しており (RR,1.71),長期間鶏肉と魚の摂取量は,結腸がんリスクと逆関連を示していた.
結論:
- 長期の食事パターン,特に肉の消費を調査することは,がんリスクを評価するのに価値があります.
- 赤い肉や加工肉を長時間大量に摂取すると,遠方の大腸の癌のリスクが高くなるようです.
- 発見は,継続的に高い赤い肉の消費と,直腸がんのリスクの増加との関連性を支持しています.
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