蝙蝠の分子系統は,生物地理と化石記録に光を当てています
Emma C Teeling1, Mark S Springer, Ole Madsen
1Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. emma.teeling@ucd.ie
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 1, 2005
まとめ
分子生殖学は,哺乳類の20%以上を占めるコウモリがラウラシアで生まれたことを明らかにしています. この研究は,コウモリ進化の歴史を明らかにし,化石記録における重要な不足を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 動物学 動物学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
背景:
- 蝙蝠は哺乳類の20%以上を占めるが,その進化の歴史は,化石の記録が少ないことと系統遺伝学的不確実性のために,まだ十分に理解されていない.
- 蝙蝠の現存する系統は,しばしば矛盾し,あるいは不完全であり,その多様化と起源の明確な理解を妨げている.
研究 の 目的:
- すべての現存するコウモリファミリーの高度な解像度のある分子フィロゲーニーを構築する.
- コウモリの進化的起源と多様化パターンを調査し,その地理的起源と分岐のタイミングを含む.
- 分子差の推定を踏まえ,コウモリ化石記録の完全性を評価する.
主な方法:
- すべての現存するコウモリファミリーの分子データを用いた系統遺伝分析.
- 幽霊の血統分析は,観察されていない進化の歴史を推論するためのものです.
- 種の発生時間を推定するための分子分岐の年代測定.
主要な成果:
- この研究は,メガバットがマイクロバット系統の中に宿っているという仮説を裏付けている.
- 蝙蝠の多様化は,環境の変化と昆虫の多様性のピークと一致して,エオセンの初期 (50-52 Mya) に発生した.
- 証拠によると,コウモリはラウラシアで誕生し,3つのマイクロバット系がラウラシア系であり,1つのゴンドワナ系である.
- 蝙蝠の化石記録は,最初の発生を平均73%過小評価すると推定されており,総化石の歴史の61%が欠落しています.
結論:
- この分子フィロゲニーは,コウモリ進化を理解するための堅固な枠組みを提供します.
- 蝙蝠はラウラシアで誕生した可能性があり,ラウラシアとゴンドワナの両方の要素を含む複雑な生物地理的歴史を持っています.
- 化石記録は蝙蝠の真の進化史を著しく過小評価しており,進化的推論のための分子データの重要性を強調しています.
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