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大学ベースの科学およびバイオテクノロジー製品:知的財産権の境界を定義する
Aaron S Kesselheim1, Jerry Avorn
1Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02120, USA.
JAMA
|February 17, 2005
まとめ
遺伝子や標的の生物医学特許は,イノベーションを抑制する可能性があります. 特許プールや仲裁などのソリューションは,有益な発見と将来の研究開発の促進のバランスをとることができます.
科学分野:
- 生物医学科学 生物医学科学とは
- 知的財産権法 知的財産権法
- バイオテクノロジー イノベーション
背景:
- 医薬品およびバイオテクノロジー部門は,新しい発見のための特許保護を大きく利用しています.
- 特許保護は,米国における生物医学科学のイノベーションに課題を提示しています.
- 遺伝子や分子標的などの基礎研究の過度の特許化は,さらなる科学的進歩を阻害する可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- バイオメディカルイノベーションに対する特許保護の影響を分析する.
- 基本的な生物医学的な発見の所有権と管理に起因する紛争を調査する.
- 生物医学研究における知的財産の管理のための代替メカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 製薬およびバイオテクノロジー産業における特許出願慣行の見直し.
- 生物医学特許に関する法的な先例と訴訟の分析.
- 知的財産管理に関する潜在的な政策ソリューションの検討.
主要な成果:
- 過剰なアップストリーム特許は,高価なクロスライセンシングにつながり,研究を妨げます.
- 基礎科学の特許を制限することは,公的資金による研究に対する補償を妨げる可能性があります.
- 学術的および非営利の研究センターは,新しい治療法の開発に不可欠な収入を失うリスクがあります.
- 既存の裁判所の訴訟は,根本的な発見のための特許所有権の複雑さを強調しています.
結論:
- 基礎科学の発見のための特許プールの設立は,実行可能な選択肢です.
- 仲裁を義務付けることは,イノベーションに対するクレジットとロイヤリティの割り当てに役立ちます.
- これらのアプローチは,重複する特許の問題を解決し,同時にイノベーションを奨励することができます.
- 知的財産権のバランスは,生物医学科学の継続的な進歩に不可欠です.
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