リスク評価医療保険の実践と倫理について
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Camden.
JAMA
|May 13, 1992
まとめ
米国の健康保険における競争的リスク評価は,高価で不公平である. 医療費が最も高い人々を保護できず,普遍的なシステムとは異なり,倫理的な懸念を提起しています.
科学分野:
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
- 保険調査 保険調査 保険調査
- 公共政策 公共政策 公共政策
背景:
- 米国における医療保険は,競争力のあるリスク評価を利用し,保険保有者価値と低リスクの個人に対する公平性のために促進されています.
- このシステムは,非競争的で普遍的な健康保険モデルと対照的です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の健康保険における競争リスク評価の実践的および倫理的な意味を分析する.
- リスク評価が保険システム内のコストと利益の分配にどのように影響するか評価する.
主な方法:
- 米国の健康保険市場構造の分析.
- リスク評価に関連する保険会社の慣行の検討.
- リスク評価の原則の倫理的・経済的批判.
主要な成果:
- 競争力のあるリスク格付けは,普遍的なシステムよりも高価であり,リスクプールという保険の核心原則を損なう.
- リスク評価は,低リスクの個人に不釣り合いな利益をもたらし,医療費が最も高い個人を十分にカバーしていない.
- 保険会社は,精算学的に公正な価格設定から逸脱するために複雑な操作に従事し,公正なリスク評価でさえ,道徳的な公平性の問題を提示します.
結論:
- 競争力のあるリスク評価に基づく現在の健康保険の慣行は,経済的に非効率であり,倫理的に疑わしい.
- 主要な国民健康保険の提案では,こうした実践的・倫理的な課題をしばしば無視している.
- 医療従事者や政策立案者からは,医療保険の公平性と効率性に関する緊急の議論と政策の姿勢が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Ethical Standards I
The American Nurses Association (ANA) created and implemented the first nationally accepted Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. The Code of Ethics is a living document regularly updated by the ANA and establishes an ethical standard that is non-negotiable for nurses in all roles and settings.
The Code of Ethics provisions outline the nurse's duty to the patient, the healthcare team, the profession, and society. The Code's fundamental principles include advocacy,...
The Code of Ethics provisions outline the nurse's duty to the patient, the healthcare team, the profession, and society. The Code's fundamental principles include advocacy,...
Ethical Standards II
Ethical standards are the backbone of nursing practice, guiding nurses as they interact with patients, families, and colleagues. These standards are crucial for providing safe, empathetic care centered on the patient's needs.
Nurses are entrusted with upholding various ethical principles and standards. Nurses forge solid therapeutic relationships using trust, empathy, autonomy, confidentiality, and professional competence.
Confidentiality is crucial, embodying respect for individual privacy and...
Nurses are entrusted with upholding various ethical principles and standards. Nurses forge solid therapeutic relationships using trust, empathy, autonomy, confidentiality, and professional competence.
Confidentiality is crucial, embodying respect for individual privacy and...
Ethical Dilemmas II
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
Standards of Care I
Federal statutes profoundly impact nursing practice, providing critical guidelines to ensure patient care is equitable, accessible, and of the highest quality. The following laws address distinct aspects of healthcare provision and patient rights:
Standards of Care II
Nurses bear specific legal responsibilities under several federal statutes, including:
Actuarial Approach
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...


