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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular clefts.
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...

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A Functional Assay for Gap Junctional Examination; Electroporation of Adherent Cells on Indium-Tin Oxide
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ギャップジャンクションを通じた細胞間ペプチド転送によるクロスプレゼンテーション.

Joost Neijssen1, Carla Herberts, Jan Wouter Drijfhout

  • 1Division of Tumor Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. J.Neefjes@nki.nl

Nature
|March 4, 2005
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

細胞ペプチドは,ギャップ・ジャンクションを通じて隣接する細胞間で転送され,クロスプレゼンテーションを可能にします. この細胞間ペプチド転送は,細胞毒性T細胞を活性化させ,傍観細胞や単細胞に影響を及ぼします.

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科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックス (MHC) クラスI分子には,T細胞の反応に不可欠な内生性ペプチドが含まれています.
  • クロスプレゼンテーションにより,プロフェッショナルな抗原プレゼンテーション細胞は,外来抗原をプレゼンすることができますが,抗原獲得のメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
  • ギャップ・ジャンクションなどの細胞間通信経路は,分子を細胞から細胞に直接転送することを促進することが知られている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 隣接する細胞間のペプチドの直接的な細胞間転送を,ギャップ・ジャンクションを通して調査する.
  • この細胞間ペプチド転送が,クロスプレゼンテーションとT細胞活性化のための抗原獲得に寄与するかどうかを決定する.

主な方法:

  • 隣接する細胞間のペプチド拡散を,ギャップ・ジャンクションを通して実験的にテストする.
  • 細胞間移転のためのペプチドサイズ制限の分析.
  • 細胞間ペプチド移転後の傍観細胞とモノサイトの細胞毒性T細胞認識の評価.
  • ペプチドの移転を制限するシトソリックペプチダースの作用の調査.

主要な成果:

  • 約1,800の相対分子量までのペプチドは,ギャップ・ジャンクションを通じて細胞間拡散することができる.
  • 細胞間ペプチド転送は,隣接する傍観者細胞と活性化された単細胞の細胞毒性T細胞認識につながります.
  • 高い細胞溶性ペプチダース活性により,ギャップジャンクション媒介ペプチドの伝達が限られた数の結合細胞に制限されます.

結論:

  • ギャップジャンクション媒介の細胞間ペプチド転送は,クロスプレゼンテーションでの抗原獲得のための新しいメカニズムを提供します.
  • このプロセスは,隣接する細胞の抗原プレゼンテーションシステムをカップル化し,無実の傍観者細胞に対するT細胞の反応を潜在的に開始します.
  • 記述されたメカニズムはT細胞のプライミングに関与しており,多くの腫瘍で障害があるようです.