貧しい子どもたちのケアへのアクセス. 分離され,不平等である
R F St Peter1, P W Newacheck, N Halfon
1Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0903.
JAMA
|May 27, 1992
まとめ
メディケイドは貧困層の子どもたちの日常的なケアへのアクセスを改善しますが,彼らは医師の診察室でケアを受ける可能性が低く,他の子供と比較してケアの継続性が低いのです.
科学分野:
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
- 小児の健康に関する小児保健
- 公衆衛生政策 公共衛生政策
背景:
- 予防ケアへのアクセスは,子どもの発達と長期的な健康状態にとって極めて重要です.
- メディケイド (Medicaid) は,米国の低所得家庭のための重要な公衆医療保険プログラムです.
- メディケイドに加入した子どもの介護利用パターンを理解することは,政策評価に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 予防的ケア利用,ケア場所,および貧困層の子供のケア継続に対するメディケイドの影響を調査する.
- メディケイドの有無と有無の子供のケアアクセスと継続性を比較する.
主な方法:
- 1988年の児童健康に関する全米健康インタビュー調査から,全国的に代表的な17,710人の米国の子供のサンプルを分析した.
- 通常の介護源,診察の時間,通常の介護場所,および介護の継続性の評価.
- 米国世帯の階層化されたクラスターサンプリングにより,代表的な参加者プールが確保されました.
主要な成果:
- メディケイドを受けた貧しい子どもは,保険のない貧しい子どもと比較して,通常のルーチンケア (91%対78%) と,定期的なルーチン訪問 (84%対69%) を受ける割合が高くなりました.
- しかし,メディケイドに登録した子供は,医師の診療所で日常的なケアを受ける可能性が低い (56%対82%) で,日常的なケアと病気のケアとの間の継続性のギャップ (18%対6%) により容易でした.
- コミュニティ・クリニックでケアを受けている子どもたちは,日常的なケアと病気のケアのための異なる場所を持つ可能性が高く,病気のケアのために緊急診療所を利用する可能性も高かった.
結論:
- メディケイドは,低所得層の子どもの日常的な予防ケアへのアクセスを強化します.
- 医療へのアクセスが改善されたにもかかわらず,メディケイドは貧困ライン上の子供と比較して,同等のケア場所や継続性を保証しません.
- 継続的な政策調整により,いくつかの格差が軽減されるかもしれないが,介護の提供における不平等が持続すると予想される.
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