新生児生存率:行動への呼びかけ
Jose Martines1, Vinod K Paul, Zulfiqar A Bhutta
1Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. martinesj@who.int
Lancet (London, England)
|March 30, 2005
まとめ
新生児死亡の予防は,子供の生存目標を達成するために不可欠です. 低所得国の新生児生存率を改善するために,低コストの介入と国家行動計画が不可欠です.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 母親と子供の健康について
- 新生児生存率は新生児生存率
背景:
- 新生児死亡率は,子どもの生存に関するミレニアム開発目標 (MDG-4) を達成する上で大きな障害となっている.
- 既存の費用対効果の高い介入は,現在の母子生存プログラムに十分に統合されていません.
- 低所得国の医療制度は,新生児の基本的ケアを拡大する上で制約に直面しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 新生児の生存率を改善するための戦略を概説し,即時行動の必要性を強調する.
- 低コストの介入を用いて,資源の限られた環境での成功の実現可能性を強調する.
- 新生児ケアを,より広範な子供の生存イニシアチブに統合することを提唱する.
主な方法:
- 新生児死亡率と費用対効果の高い介入に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- 高死亡率の国々の介入を拡大するための潜在的なコストの分析.
- 新生児死亡1人あたりのコストの推定は回避された.
主要な成果:
- 新生児生存のための効果的な低コストの介入は存在しますが,プログラム的な統合が必要です.
- 高死亡率の75カ国で介入を拡大するには,現在の支出に加えて,年間41億ドルの費用がかかると推定されています.
- 推定費用の約30%は,新生児に特化した介入のためであり,残りは母親と年上の子供たちのために使われています.
結論:
- 新生児生存のための国家行動計画は,開発,実施,モニタリングを必要とする優先事項です.
- 国際的ドナーや開発途上国の指導者からの資金提供と説明責任の増大は不可欠です.
- 妊産婦,新生児,子供の保健サービスには,死亡率の負担に照らして,より大きな財政的投資が必要です.
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