大西洋の転覆循環の減少によって引き起こされる海洋生態系の衰退
1College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 COAS Admin. Bldg, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. aschmittner@coas.oregonstate.edu
Nature
|April 1, 2005
まとめ
大西洋南極反転循環 (AMOC) の混乱は,北大西洋のプランクトンと世界の海洋生産性を劇的に低下させることができます. 気候モデルは,この海洋生態系がAMOCの変化に敏感であり,世界的な食物網に影響を及ぼすことを示しています.
科学分野:
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 海洋生態学 海洋生態学
背景:
- 大西洋南極反転循環 (AMOC) は,歴史的に重要な気候変化を引き起こしてきました.
- 気候モデルは,人類による地球温暖化が,AMOCの再編成を誘発する可能性があると予測しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 気候モデリングを使用して,AMOCの混乱に対する海洋生態系の反応を調査する.
- プランクトンのバイオマスと海洋の生産性に対するAMOC変化の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 組み合わせた気候-生態系モデルによるアンサンブルシミュレーションを利用した.
- AMOCの混乱をシミュレートするために,中間的な複雑さのモデルを使用しました.
- プランクトンの量,混合層の深さ,栄養素濃度の変化を分析した.
主要な成果:
- シミュレートされたAMOCの破壊により,北大西洋のプランクトンバイオマスが50%以上減少した.
- 冬の混合層の集積と,深い栄養源からの分離は,重要なメカニズムでした.
- 世界の輸出生産は,栄養素の上昇が減少したため,20%以上減少した.
- 上層海の栄養素の枯渇は,生産性の低下にさらに寄与した.
結論:
- 海洋生態系,特にプランクトン群は,AMOCの変化に対して非常に敏感です.
- モデル結果は,古代記録データと一致しており,AMOCと海洋生産性の関連性を支持しています.
- 将来のAMOCの破壊は,世界の海洋生産性と海洋の食物網に重大なリスクをもたらす.
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