中洋の山脊における断層の形態
W Roger Buck1, Luc L Lavier, Alexei N B Poliakov
1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. buck@ldeo.columbia.edu
Nature
|April 9, 2005
まとめ
海洋地殻の断層は,最も一般的な構造的特徴であり,プレート拡散センターで形成されます. 2つの異なるメカニズム,プレート不屈とプレート伸縮の2つの異なるメカニズムは,マグマティックダイクの侵入によって,それらの多様なサイズと方向性を説明します.
科学分野:
- 地質学 地質学 地質学
- テクトニクス (地質学) とは
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
背景:
- アビッサル・ヒル・ボーディング・フォールは,地球の海洋地殻の最も一般的な構造的特徴です.
- プレート拡散センターでの彼らの形成は,プレート構造革命の間に確立されました.
- 最近のデータでは,断層の大きさや向きが幅広いことが示されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 中洋の山脊における断層形成に起因する明確なメカニズムを解明する.
- 観測された断層の特徴をプレート構造の数値モデルと調和させる.
主な方法:
- プレート分離,堤防侵入,および断層の数値モデリング.
- プレート不曲折を通して急速に広がる中心部での断層形成の分析.
- プレート伸張とマグマティックダイク侵入によるゆっくり広がる山脊における断層形成の調査.
主要な成果:
- プレートアンベンディングは,断層の傾斜方向と,急速に広がる中心部でのオフセットを成功裏にモデル化しています.
- 変数マグマティックダイク侵入によるプレート伸縮は,ゆっくり広がる山脊における多様な断層オフセットを説明する.
- 非常に大きなオフセットの正常断層は,かなりのダイク侵入 (板分離の約50%) を必要とします.
結論:
- 中洋の山脊における断層形成を左右する主なメカニズムは2つ,プレート不屈とプレート伸縮である.
- マグマ堤防の侵入は,板の分離を調整する上で,特に大きなオフセット断層の形成において重要な役割を果たします.
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