メラノサイト幹細胞の維持と髪の灰色化

Eiríkur Steingrímsson¹, Neal G Copeland, Nancy A Jenkins

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.

Cell

|April 12, 2005

まとめ

老化の兆候である白髪は,メラノサイト幹細胞の欠陥のあるメンテナンスによって引き起こされます. 重要な分子であるPax3とMitfは,幹細胞のバランスを調節し,髪の色に影響を与えます.

科学分野:

発達生物学発達生物学とは
幹細胞生物学幹細胞生物学とは
老化に関する研究.

背景:

白髪は人間の老化の目に見える指標です.
特にメラノサイト幹細胞に関する白髪の根本的なメカニズムは十分に理解されていませんでした.
以前の研究では,老化中の髪の色素の分子調節に関する包括的な洞察が欠けていました.

研究の目的:

髪が白くなる原因を調査する.
メラノサイト幹細胞の維持と分化に関与する重要な分子プレーヤーを特定する.
年齢とともに髪の色が変化する規制メカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

老化モデルにおけるメラノサイト幹細胞の行動の分析.
転写因子に焦点を当てた遺伝子発現の研究.
幹細胞の調節を理解するための分子経路分析.

主要な成果:

白髪は,メラノサイト幹細胞の不完全な維持と関連しています.
この過程でPax3とMitfが重要な分子として特定されました.
これらの要因は,幹細胞の自己再生と分化との間の重要なバランスを調節します.

結論:

メラノサイト幹細胞のメンテナンスが不完全であることが,白髪の発症の主な原因である.
Pax3とMitfは,メラノサイト幹細胞の運命を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
これらの経路を理解することで,老化や色素化の障害についての洞察が得られます.

さらに関連する動画

07:38

Isolating Primary Melanocyte-like Cells from the Mouse Heart

Published on: September 29, 2014

06:51

Isolating Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Epidermal Keratinocytes from Dorsal Mouse Skin

Published on: April 29, 2016

関連する概念動画

01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...

01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...

00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...

01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...

関連する実験動画