温室効果ガス:ガスパイプラインからメタンの漏れが少ない
J Lelieveld1, S Lechtenböhmer, S S Assonov
1Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany. lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de
Nature
|April 15, 2005
まとめ
天然ガスへの切り替えは,気候変動を緩和する可能性がある. ガス輸送システムからのメタンの漏出量は予想より低いため,石炭や石油と比較して短期的な気候上の利点がある可能性を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- エネルギー政策 エネルギー政策
背景:
- 化石燃料の燃焼は温室効果ガスを放出し,気候変動に影響を与えます.
- 天然ガスの燃焼は,石炭や石油よりも少ない二酸化炭素を生成します.
- 天然ガスの生産と輸送中のメタンの排出は,メタンの短期的な温暖化可能性が高いため,重大な気候リスクをもたらします.
研究 の 目的:
- 石炭や石油から天然ガスへの切り替えによる気候への影響を評価する.
- 主要な天然ガス輸送システムにおけるメタン漏れ率を定量化するために.
- 天然ガスが気候変動の緩和のための短期的な戦略を提供できるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ロシア最大のガス輸送システムに沿ってメタン排出量のフィールド測定を行った.
- 測定されたメタン漏れ率を,米国からの既存のデータと比較した.
- 天然ガスを他の化石燃料と比較して使用することによる気候変動の影響を評価するための計算を行った.
主要な成果:
- 調査されたロシアのガス輸送システムからのメタン漏れは,約1.4%であった.
- この漏れ率は予想より低く,米国で観測された比率に匹敵する.
- 計算によると,石炭と石油の代わりに天然ガスを使用することで,短期的な気候上の利益が得られる可能性がある.
結論:
- 主要な天然ガスインフラのメタン漏れ率は,一部の推定値より低い.
- 天然ガスを好ましい化石燃料として使用することは,気候変動の影響を減らすために短期的な利点をもたらす可能性があります.
- 天然ガスのライフサイクルの気候への影響を完全に理解するには,さらなる研究が必要です.
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