外科手術の際に生じる皮膚内傷
J I Tokars1, D M Bell, D H Culver
1Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga 30333.
JAMA
|June 3, 1992
まとめ
外科スタッフは,主に縫合針による皮膚経由の怪我を頻繁に経験しており,彼ら自身と患者に感染のリスクがあります. 多くの怪我は,改善された外科機器と技術によって予防できます.
科学分野:
- ヘルスケア関連感染症とは
- 手術における労働の安全性について
- 手術部位感染症 手術部位感染症
背景:
- 手術中の皮膚経由の怪我は,医療従事者や患者に血経由の病原体感染のリスクを伴います.
- これらの傷害の発生率と状況を理解することは,効果的な予防戦略の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 手術の環境で発生する皮膚経由の損傷の頻度を定量化し,その状況を特定する.
- 汚染された外科器具を通して,医療従事者の血液に患者の曝露のリスクを評価する.
主な方法:
- 4つの米国の大学院で5つの外科専門分野にわたる1382の外科処置の直接モニタリングを含む観察研究設計.
- 皮膚経由の傷害に関するデータ収集,その種類,メカニズム,および現場の観察者による関係者のデータ収集.
- 傷害リスクに関連する要因を決定するためのロジスティック回帰分析.
主要な成果:
- 処置の6.9%で99件の皮膚経由の傷害が発生し,主に非支配的な手に影響する縫合針による (77%) 傷害でした.
- 傷害のリスクが高いのは,陰道子宮切除手術の際に観察され,特定の整形外科の手術ではリスクが低いことが観察されました.
- 縫合の際に指を使って組織を扱うことは,負傷の35%に寄与し,外科医の負傷の32%は,患者の傷との再接触を伴う.
結論:
- 外科手術中に皮膚経由の傷害は一般的であり,重要な職業的および患者の安全リスクを生み出します.
- 器具の改造,テクニックの精錬,および保護装置に焦点を当てた予防措置は不可欠ですが,有効性と患者のケアへの影響について厳格な評価が必要です.
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