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関連する概念動画

Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but this inhibition is released...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 9, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

炭水化物のコントロール下で逆戻り可能なインスリン自己組み立て.

Thomas Hoeg-Jensen1, Svend Havelund, Peter K Nielsen

  • 1Novo Nordisk, Novo Alle 6B2.54, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark. tshj@novonordisk.com

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 28, 2005
PubMed
まとめ

インスリンの自己組織化は,炭水化物によって制御できます. この炭水化物制御されたタンパク質の自己組み立ては,薬剤投与アプリケーションの可能性がある.

科学分野:

  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 薬物の配達 薬物の配達

背景:

  • タンパク質とペプチドの治療法は,重要な臨床的利点を提供します.
  • タンパク質ベースの薬剤の溶解性と放出運動を制御することは大きな課題です.
  • タンパク質の安定化と制御された放出のための既存の方法は,しばしば複雑または範囲が限られている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 溶解性,高分子量自己組み立てインスリンを作るための新しい方法を開発する.
  • これらのインスリン自己組立体に対する炭水化物媒介による制御を実証するために.
  • タンパク質/ペプチドの安定化と薬物の制御された放出におけるこのシステムの可能性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • ボロナートとポリオールの機能を統合したインスリン誘導体を合成する.
  • 異なる炭水化物濃度に対する反応として,改造されたインスリンの自己組み立て行動を調査する.
  • 生体物理学技術を使用して,結果として生成された自己組成物のサイズ,溶解性,および安定性を特徴付けます.

主要な成果:

  • ボロナートとポリオールで改造されたインスリンは,溶性,高分子量自己組み立て物を形成します.
  • 自己組み立てプロセスは,特定の炭水化物の存在と濃度によって逆向きに制御された.

さらに関連する動画

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles
08:04

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles

Published on: November 3, 2023

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles
08:04

Human Pseudoislet System for Synchronous Assessment of Fluorescent Biosensor Dynamics and Hormone Secretory Profiles

Published on: November 3, 2023

  • このシステムは,インスリンを持続的に放出する可能性を実証しました.

    • 結論:

    • 炭水化物反応性自己組み立ては,タンパク質とペプチドの安定化のための有望な戦略を提供します.
    • このアプローチは,制御された薬物放出アプリケーションのためのチューニング可能なプラットフォームを提供します.
    • この原理は,先進的なタンパク質ベースの治療法の開発に広範囲に及ぶ影響を及ぼします.