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関連する概念動画

Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

128.7K
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
128.7K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

5.6K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
5.6K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

9.3K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
9.3K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.0K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.0K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

22.5K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
22.5K
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

6.4K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.4K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 6, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

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交代的に発現する位置間における染色体間関連.

Charalampos G Spilianakis1, Maria D Lalioti, Terrence Town

  • 1Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Nature
|May 10, 2005
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,Tヘルパー細胞1 (T(H) 1とTヘルパー細胞2 (T(H) 2経路の遺伝子が染色体間で物理的に相互作用することを明らかにしました. 特定のDNA領域によって調節されるこれらの相互作用は,免疫遺伝子発現を調整する可能性があります.

科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • Tヘルパー細胞1 (T(H) 1とTヘルパー細胞2 (T(H) 2経路は,免疫反応に不可欠な異なるCD4+T細胞の宿命を表しています.
  • インターフェロン-ガンマ (IFN-ガンマ) とインタールユーキン-4 (IL-4) のようなこれらの経路のためのサイトカイン遺伝子は,異なる染色体に位置しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • T(H) 1とT(H) 2の細胞分化を調節する独立した染色体上のサイトカイン遺伝子の間の潜在的な物理的な相互作用を調査する.
  • これらの染色体間相互作用を媒介するT(H) 2局所制御領域 (LCR) の役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • クロマチン相互作用に関与する規制領域を特定するために,DNase I過敏部位を利用した.
  • IFN-ガンマ遺伝子プロモーターとT(H) 2シトカインロカス規制領域の染色体間相互作用を調べました.

主要な成果:

  • IFN-ガンマ遺伝子プロモーター (10染色体) とT(H) 2サイトカインロカス規制領域 (11染色体) の間の物理的,染色体間相互作用が実証されています.
  • T(H) 2 LCRが,これらの染色体間相互作用を発達的に調節することを示した.
  • 動的,細胞型特異の相互作用が観察され,遺伝子の活性化時に,クロモソーム間の相互作用からクロモソーム内相互作用へのシフトが観察されました.

さらに関連する動画

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

14.9K
Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

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結論:

  • 異なる染色体にあるエウカリオット遺伝子は,核で物理的に結合することができる.
  • これらの物理的関連,特に染色体間の相互作用は,免疫経路の遺伝子発現を調整する機能的な役割を果たす可能性があります.