自由とルール: 鳥の学習した歌の獲得と再プログラミング
Timothy J Gardner1, Felix Naef, Fernando Nottebohm
1Laboratory of Animal Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. tgardner@mit.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 14, 2005
まとめ
若いカナリアは,典型的な語句なしに歌を真似ることができ,後に先天的な歌の構造を開発します. これは,鳥の初期の模倣と,後に規則に基づく歌の発達プロセスがはっきりしていることを示唆している.
科学分野:
- エトロジー エトロジー エトロジー
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
- バイオアコースティクス バイオアコースティクス
背景:
- カナリアンソングは階層的な構造を示し,音節からフレーズへと進み,歌を完成させます.
- カナリアのこの構造化された歌の発達は,先天的なルールによって支配されていると仮定されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 生まれつきの歌唱の制約と,幼いカナリアの声の真似の相互作用を調査する.
- 初期の歌の模倣能力が,成熟した歌の構造を統制する先天的な規則から独立しているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 若い孤立したカナリアを,典型的な表現が欠けている異常な合成歌に晒す.
- 若いカナリアの真似の精度を観察し,分析する.
- 鳥が成熟するにつれて,歌の発達と構造の変化を追跡する.
主要な成果:
- 幼いカナリアは,普通のフレーズが欠けている曲でさえも,合成の教師の歌を正確に真似しました.
- 鳥が成熟するにつれて,最初に模倣した歌は,典型的なカナリアのフレーズを組み込むために修正されました.
- これは,初期の模倣と後のルールに基づく曲の精錬の間の時間的な分離を示しています.
結論:
- 声の模倣と先天的な歌の制約は,カナリアの歌の発達における異なるプロセスです.
- カナリアは,早期の声の学習において柔軟性を発揮し,先天的な規則は後期に発達において支配的になる.
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