羊の出生によって引き起こされる嗅覚信号の感覚処理の変化
K M Kendrick1, F Lévy, E B Keverne
1Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
まとめ
生まれた後,羊は
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 嗅覚による加工
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
背景:
- 羊や他の種における母子の絆は,子孫の認識のための嗅覚のシグナルに依存しています.
- 嗅覚球の神経活動と神経伝達物質の放出は,出生前の羊の匂いによってほとんど影響を受けません.
研究 の 目的:
- 出産後の嗅覚球の神経および神経化学的変化を調査し,選択的な子孫の認識を容易にする.
- 産後における嗅覚の香りを処理する神経伝達物質の役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- 嗅覚球における電気生理学的記録.
- 神経伝達物質の放出量 (コレリン,ノラドレナ,グルタミン酸,GABA) を測定する.
- 羊の匂いに反応するニューロン活動の分析 誕生前と後の羊の匂い.
主要な成果:
- 産後,羊の匂いに反応する嗅覚球のミトラ細胞の数が増加します.
- コリナージックおよびノラドレナジック神経伝達物質の放出が増加することは,出生後に起こります.
- 選択的なラム認識は,特定のミトラ細胞の活性化と,デンドロデンドリートシナプスにおけるグルタミン酸とGABAの放出の変化と相関する.
結論:
- 嗅覚球は,産後神経可塑性の大きな変化を経験し,選択的な子孫の認識を可能にします.
- グルタミン酸が誘発するガンマアミノバター酸 (GABA) の放出の有効性の向上は,母子の結合のための嗅覚処理の精製に役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
Olfaction
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Imprinting
Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep
The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
The olfactory...


