音声処理における音声と音高の差別の側面化
R J Zatorre1, A C Evans, E Meyer
1McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 8, 1992
まとめ
この研究では,聴覚処理中の脳活動をマッピングするためにポジトロン放出トモグラフィーを使用しました. 異なるスピーチ音は,異なる脳領域を活性化し,言語とピッチの知覚のための特殊な神経系を強調します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 認知神経科学とは
- 聴覚神経科学とは
背景:
- 聴覚知覚のニューラル基盤を理解することは,認知神経科学にとって極めて重要です.
- 以前の研究で,聴覚情報の処理に関与する様々な脳の領域が特定されましたが,二次聴覚皮質と横向化されたシステムの特定の役割については,さらなる解明が必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 騒音の爆発や音の音節を含む,さまざまな聴覚刺激に対する反応として脳活性化パターンを調査する.
- 音声構造と音高の変化の知覚の基礎となる神経メカニズムを探求する.
- 聴覚的な判断に関与する横断神経系を特定する.
主な方法:
- ポジトロン放出トモグラフィー (PET) を用いて,10人の健康なボランティアで脳活性化を測定した.
- 参加者は,騒音の爆発や音節などの聴覚刺激にさらされた.
- タスクベースの機能神経イメージングは,特定の聴覚的差別タスク中に脳反応を評価するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- 主要な聴覚皮質は,騒音の爆発に反応する活動が増加したことを示した.
- 音響的にマッチした音声の音節は,二次聴覚皮質を双方向に活性化させた.
- 差別的な音声構造により,ブロカの領域 (左半球) の活動が増加した.
- 音高の変化の処理は右前頭前皮質を活性化する.
結論:
- 聴覚処理は,異なる音の種類に対して異なる神経経路を伴うもので,主皮質と副皮質は特殊な役割を果たす.
- 音声知覚は,ブロカの領域のような左半球領域を巻き込み,articulatory recodingを示唆しています.
- ピッチの知覚は右半球のメカニズムに依存し,特に前頭前皮質が関与しています.
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