Search research articles

お問い合わせ

JoVEについて

概要リーダーシップブログ JoVEヘルプセンター

著者向け

出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿

図書館員向け

推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問

研究

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments アーカイブ

教育

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual 教員リソースセンター教員サイト

プライバシーポリシー

関連する概念動画

Transfer RNA Synthesis

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

tRNA Activation

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...

Improving Translational Accuracy

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

Transfer RNA Synthesis

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

tRNA Activation

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...

こちらも読む

関連記事

共著者、ジャーナル、引用グラフによってこの研究に関連する記事。

並び替え

Same author

Stigmatising Attitudes Towards People With Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Borderline Personality, ADHD and Early and Long-Term/Untreated Schizophrenia: Representative Survey of Australian Adults.

The Medical journal of Australia·2026

Same author

Experiences of discrimination and positive treatment among people who support a person with a mental health condition: a nationally representative survey.

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology·2026

Same author

A conserved dimerization element is required for protein kinase activation by <i>trans</i>-autophosphorylation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Mechanism of nucleolytic degradation of human ribosomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

The LARP1 RRM functions as a ribosome responsive regulator of TOP mRNAs.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Nationally representative surveys of experiences of discrimination and positive treatment in people with mental health problems in Australia: Changes over 10 years.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026

Same journal

A native sulfur deposit in Gale crater, Mars.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Coordinated demise of harmful algal blooms.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Genetic effects put into context.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Bacteria share proteins to survive antibiotics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Impacts shaped Earth's first continents.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Erratum for the Report "Covalently bonded single-molecule junctions with stable and reversible photoswitched conductivity" by C. Jia <i>et al</i>.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

関連記事をすべて見る

Search research articles

関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 26, 2011

コドン:アンチコドンのペアリングを超えた解読におけるtRNAの積極的な役割

Luisa Cochella¹, Rachel Green

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 21, 2005

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

ミュータント転送RNA (tRNA) は,コードンペアリングとは関係なく,自身の受容をリボソームに加速します. この発見は,tRNAを明らかにしています.

さらに関連する動画

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Published on: August 1, 2016

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 26, 2011

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Published on: August 1, 2016

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

科学分野:

分子生物学は分子生物学である.
遺伝学遺伝学とは
バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー

背景:

転送RNA (tRNA) の選択は,正確なタンパク質合成に不可欠です.
リボソームの忠誠性は,同類型tRNAと非同類型tRNAを区別することに依存しています.
差別には,相関性tRNAの異なる解離率と加速された前方速度の定数が含まれます.

研究の目的:

解読中に自身の受容におけるtRNA構造の役割を調査する.
コドン:アンチコドン相互作用から独立して,tRNAがその受容をシグナルできるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

単一のD-アーム置換で変異したtRNA (Trp) を利用した.
評価された誤コードレベルと先期金利常数.
解読センターから独立してtRNA受容に対する変異の影響を分析した.

主要な成果:

変異したtRNA ((Trp)) は高レベルの誤コード化を示した.
D-アームの変異は,tRNA受容のための前方速度定数を加速した.
この加速は,解読センターのコドン:アンチコドンのペアリングとは無関係でした.

結論:

tRNAは,リボソームの解読中に自身の受容をシグナルする直接的な役割を果たします.
D-アームは,コドン認識から独立してtRNAの受容を決定する重要な決定因子です.
これらの発見は,タンパク質合成の進化におけるtRNAの根本的な役割を支持しています.