トウモロコシのゲノムに対する人工選択の影響
Stephen I Wright1, Irie Vroh Bi, Steve G Schroeder
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
まとめ
トウモロコシの家畜化には,遺伝子の2〜4%に影響を与える人工選択が含まれ,ほとんどの遺伝子は人口のボトルネックを示しています. この遺伝学的研究は,テオシンテから現代のトウモロコシへの進化の重要な変化を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 植物遺伝学 植物遺伝学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 農業科学 農業科学とは
背景:
- 飼い主化は,人工的選択による急速な現象型進化を促す.
- テオシンテによるトウモロコシの家畜化の遺伝的基盤を理解することは,作物の改良に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 野生の祖先,テオシンテ (Zea mays ssp. パルヴィグルミス).
- 現代のトウモロコシ (Z. mays ssp. mays) となっている.
主な方法:
- 774の遺伝子における単核酸多形態 (SNP) の分析.
- テオシンテと現代のトウモロコシの集団間の遺伝的多様性の比較.
- 人工選択による遺伝子の識別と,集団のボトルネックの影響を受ける遺伝子の識別.
主要な成果:
- 分析された遺伝子の約2~4%が人工選択の証拠を示した.
- ほとんどの遺伝子は,家畜化中に発生した人口ボトルネックのサインを保持していた.
- 植物の成長に関与する選択された遺伝子は,トウモロコシ-テオシンテの表型的差異と関連した定量的な特徴の位置 (QTLs) の近くに位置していた.
- トウモロコシのゲノムに含まれる推定1200の遺伝子は,人工選択によって影響を受けた可能性がある.
結論:
- 人工選択はトウモロコシの家畜化において重要な役割を果たし,植物の成長に関連する特定の遺伝子を標的とした.
- 家庭化には選択と人口ボトルネックの両方が含まれ,現代のトウモロコシの遺伝的景観を形作りました.
- この発見は,主要な作物の進化の遺伝的基盤についての洞察を提供します.
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