自己耐性および自己免疫性の細胞および遺伝的メカニズム

Christopher C Goodnow¹, Jonathon Sprent, Barbara Fazekas de St Groth

¹John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia.Chris.Goodnow@anu.edu.au

Nature

|June 3, 2005

まとめ

哺乳類の免疫システムは,外来物質を標的にする受容体を作ることができます. 細胞メカニズムは,これらの受容体が身体を攻撃するのを防ぐために進化し,自己耐性を維持し,自己免疫疾患を予防しました.

科学分野:

免疫学免疫学とは
分子生物学は分子生物学である.
遺伝学遺伝学とは

背景:

哺乳類の免疫システムは,外部の化学物質を特定し,中和させるための受容体生成の巨大な可能性を秘めています.
自己耐性,つまり自己と非自己を区別する能力は,自己免疫疾患の予防に極めて重要です.
自己耐性に関与する遺伝的およびタンパク質成分は,哺乳類の種間で保存されています.

研究の目的:

哺乳類における免疫的自己耐性のメカニズムを解明する.
遺伝子産物が自己耐性をどのように調整するかを理解する.
自己耐性コントロールの欠陥と自己免疫疾患の発症との関連を調査する.

主な方法:

人間と実験動物における免疫系の構成要素の比較分析.
自己耐性における重要な役割を果たす者を特定するための遺伝学およびプロテオミック研究.
"禁じられた"受容体活動を制御する細胞メカニズムの研究.

主要な成果:

自己耐性にとって不可欠な保存された遺伝子やタンパク質の識別.
自己構成要素に対する免疫反応を調節する細胞経路の解明.
これらの経路の不調が,自己免疫疾患にどのように寄与するかを示す.

結論:

哺乳類の免疫システムの自己耐性は,調整された遺伝子産物活動に依存しています.
動物モデルでのこれらのメカニズムを理解することは,ヒトの自己免疫疾患の研究を容易にする.
自己耐性コントロールの欠陥は,自己免疫疾患の直接的な原因である.

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