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種や機能群の消失が島の生態系特性に与える影響
David A Wardle1, Olle Zackrisson
1Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S901-83 Umeå, Sweden. david.wardle@svek.slu.se
Nature
|June 10, 2005
まとめ
種や機能群の喪失は生態系プロセスに影響しますが,これらの影響は文脈に依存しています. 島の大きさは,生物多様性の減少が生態系の機能にどのように影響するかに大きな影響を与え,システム特有の評価の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 生態系科学 生態系科学 生態系科学
- 生物多様性研究 生物多様性研究
背景:
- 生態系の特性に対する生物多様性の影響を予測することは極めて重要です.
- これらの影響がさまざまな生態系でどのように変化するのかを理解することは,十分に理解されていません.
- 島系は,生態系の反応を複数のスケールで研究するためのユニークな機会を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 生態系の機能に対する生物多様性喪失の影響の文脈依存性を調査する.
- 島規模が,種や機能群の移転の結果に及ぼす影響を判断する.
- 生物多様性の変化に対する生態系の反応を,さまざまなアビオティックとバイオティック属性がどのように媒介するかを評価する.
主な方法:
- スウェーデンの北部にある30の島で7年間の実験研究が行われました.
- それぞれの島で,植物機能群と種の実験的除去が行われました.
- 島の大きさは,連続した段階と生態系特性に影響を及ぼす,混乱の歴史のプロキシとして使用されました.
主要な成果:
- 機能的グループや種の喪失は,しばしば重要な生態系プロセスを損なう.
- これらの影響の大きさと方向は,島の大きさによって強く影響を受けた.
- 生物多様性損失の影響は,文脈に依存しており,調査された島々によって著しく変動しています.
結論:
- 生態系機能に対する生物学的損失の影響は普遍的ではない.
- 生物多様性の減少に対する生態系の反応は,島の大きさなどの特定のアビオティックおよびバイオティック要因によって著しく調節されます.
- 将来の研究は,生物多様性変化の生態学的影響を予測する際に,システム特有の属性を考慮する必要があります.
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