皮質の成長痕跡は,ニュージーランドモアモアの若年期発達が延長されたことを明らかにしています
Samuel T Turvey1, Owen R Green, Richard N Holdaway
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. samuel.turvey@ioz.ac.uk
Nature
|June 17, 2005
まとめ
絶滅したモアは,現代のほとんどの鳥とは異なり,周期的な骨の成長の痕跡を示していた. これらの大型ラチットは10年以上にわたって成熟に達し,現存する鳥類と比較して,繁殖が著しく遅れていることを示しています.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 比較骨科は比較骨科である.
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- 骨の周期的な成長マークは四足類に共通しており,年間成長パターンを反映しています.
- 鳥類 (現代の鳥類) は通常,成長期間が短くなっており,年間骨の痕は稀である.
研究 の 目的:
- 絶滅したモア (Dinornithiformes) の皮質骨の成長マークの存在と重要性を調査する.
- モアが鳥であるにも関わらず,年間成長パターンを示したかどうかを判断する.
- モア族の成長率と生命史戦略を比較する.
主な方法:
- モアの長い骨から採取した皮質骨を分析して,周期的な成長の痕跡を特定する.
- DinornithidaeとEmeidaeモアファミリーの成長パターンの比較.
- 成長率の評価は,身体のサイズと成熟度に関連して行われます.
主要な成果:
- 皮質の成長マークは,モアの長い骨で頻繁に観察され,これはオルニチューリンの稀な発見でした.
- モアはK-選択された生涯経歴の特徴を示し,一部の個体は骨格の成熟まで10年近くかかりました.
- 巨大モア (ディノルニス) は,成長期間を延長することではなく,幼虫の成長を加速することによって,より小さなメイドモアと比較して,巨大なサイズを達成しました.
結論:
- モアは,周期的な骨の堆積の祖先の特徴を保持しており,典型的な鳥の成長パターンから逸脱していることを示唆しています.
- モアの骨格の成熟までの延長期間は,現存する鳥と比較して生殖の成熟が著しく遅れていることを意味します.
- 異なる産後成長率は,より大きな種が成長を加速させることで,モア族の間の大きさの格差を説明します.
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