水素燃料電池車で空気を浄化し,健康を改善する
M Z Jacobson1, W G Colella, D M Golden
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA. jacobson@stanford.edu
まとめ
米国の自動車を水素燃料電池自動車 (HFCV) に移行させることで,大気質と健康を大幅に改善することができます. 風力発電のHFCVは,最も実質的な気候上の利益をもたらし,毎年数千人の命を救うことができます.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エネルギー政策 エネルギー政策
背景:
- 現在の道路車両は,排気ガス排出により,大気質,公衆衛生,気候に大きな影響を与えている.
- 水素燃料電池車 (HFCV) は,内燃機関車に対する潜在的な代替案です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国のすべての道路用車両をHFCVに改造することで,空気質,公衆衛生,気候に及ぼす潜在的な影響を評価する.
- 異なる水素生産方法:天然ガス蒸気リフォーム,風力電解,石炭ガス化によるHFCVの利点を比較する.
主な方法:
- 異なる水素源に基づく環境と健康への影響の比較分析.
- HFCVへの完全な移行に関連した空気質,気候,および健康上の結果のモデリング.
主要な成果:
- 現在の車両の排気ガスを排除することで,最も大きな利点が得られます.
- 風力電解または天然ガスで動いているHFCVは,年間3700〜6400人の命を救う可能性があり,最大の健康上の利益をもたらします.
- 風力発電のHFCVは,最も重大な気候上の利点をもたらしますが,石炭ベースのHFCVは,ハイブリッド車よりも気候に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
結論:
- 米国でHFCVの普及は,大気質,公衆衛生,気候変動緩和の大幅な改善を約束する.
- 風力電解による水素の生産は,現在のガソリン価格とコスト競争力があるかもしれません.
- 水素の生産方法の選択は,全体的な環境と健康上の結果に重大な影響を及ぼします.
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