コーヒー消費と2型糖尿病のリスク:体系的なレビュー
1Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. rvandam@hsph.harvard.edu <rvandam@hsph.harvard.edu>
JAMA
|July 7, 2005
まとめ
コーヒー消費量の増加は,2型糖尿病を発症するリスクが著しく低下するとの関連がある. このシステマティック・レビューでは,15件の研究を分析し,適度な摂取でもリスクが低下していることが判明しました.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- メタボリック疾患
- 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.
背景:
- 新興の流行病学的データは,コーヒー摂取と2型糖尿病のリスクとの潜在的逆関係を示唆しています.
- この関連性を調査することは,公衆衛生と予防戦略にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 習慣的なコーヒー消費と2型糖尿病のリスクとの関連を調査する疫学研究を体系的にレビューし,分析する.
- コーヒーの摂取に関連した代謝的アウトカムを調査する.
主な方法:
- MEDLINEを使用して,包括的な文献検索を行い,15の関連する疫学研究 (コホートおよび横断) を特定しました.
- データ抽出には,研究設計,参加者の特徴,コーヒー消費量,および2人の研究者による独立したレビューによる結果測定が含まれていました.
- 9つのコホート研究 (193,473人の参加者,8394人の症例) のメタ分析は,ランダム効果モデルを使用して行われました.
主要な成果:
- コーヒーの消費量 (≥6〜7杯/日) が高かったと,2型糖尿病のリスクが35%低下した (RR=0.65,95%CI:0.54〜0.78).
- 適度な摂取量 (日当たり4〜6杯) も,低消費量 (日当たり0〜2杯) と比較して,リスクの低下を示した (RR=0.72,95%CI:0.62-0.83).
- 横断的な研究では,コーヒーの摂取量の増加と,特に食後の高血糖症のより低い罹患率との間の一貫した関連が示されました.
結論:
- この体系的レビューは,通常のコーヒー消費が2型糖尿病のリスクを大幅に低下させるという仮説を強く支持しています.
- コーヒーの消費とグルコース代謝と糖尿病の予防を結びつける根本的なメカニズムを明らかにするために,さらなる介入研究が推奨されています.
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