ATPは,中枢神経系における化学感知伝導の媒介である
Alexander V Gourine1, Enrique Llaudet, Nicholas Dale
1Department of Physiology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. a.gourine@medsch.ucl.ac.uk
Nature
|July 8, 2005
まとめ
脳幹の化学センサーから放出されるアデノシントリホスファート (ATP) は,二酸化炭素の増加に反応して呼吸を調節します. このATPシグナル伝達は,周辺の感覚機能における役割と同様に,中央呼吸器の制御に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 生理学 生理学とは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- 細胞外アデノシン三リン酸 (ATP) は,痛み,触感,酸素感知など,周辺的感覚機能に関与する,知られているシグナル伝達分子です.
- ATPは,アファレント神経線維のP2XおよびP2Y受容体を活性化することによって,これらの周辺的感覚を媒介する.
- 脳幹の化学感知神経は,血液ガスホメオスタシスを維持するために呼吸を調節するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 脳幹内の中央化学感知伝導におけるATPの役割を調査する.
- 血中ガスの変化に反応して,髄膜の化学敏感領域からATPが放出されているかどうかを判断する.
- 呼吸の調節に対するATP受容体阻害の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 縦髄の腹面の化学敏感領域を刺激し,二酸化炭素 (pCO2) の部分圧力を増やす.
- これらの特定の脳幹領域から放出されるATPの測定.
- ATP受容体 (P2XとP2Y) の薬理学的阻害が,特定された化学反応敏感部位で発生する.
- 呼吸調節に対する受容体阻害の影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- 動脈のpCO2の増加は,腹中髄の化学反応に敏感な領域からATPの急速な放出を誘発する.
- これらの骨髄部位のATP受容体をブロックすると,呼吸の化学感覚制御が著しく損なわれます.
- ATPシグナリングは,中枢呼吸器の化学感覚の重要な構成要素として実証されています.
結論:
- ATPは,呼吸器の調節のための中枢神経系における重要なシグナル伝達分子として作用する.
- この発見は,ATPの既知の機能を,周辺的感覚の役割を超えて,中央の化学感覚伝導を含むように拡張しています.
- 感覚システムにおけるATPの古代の役割は,呼吸制御のような重要な生理学的プロセスのために保存されています.
関連する概念動画
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
Sensory organs,...
Classification of Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis
The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...


