介護施設におけるホスピスサービスの利用の改善:ランダム化制御試験
David Casarett1, Jason Karlawish, Knashawn Morales
1Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. casarett@mail.med.upenn.edu
JAMA
|July 15, 2005
まとめ
コミュニケーションの介入により,ホスピスの入院率が大幅に増加し,介護施設の住人の終末期ケア品質が向上しました. このアプローチはまた,急性ケア利用率を削減し,患者と家族の全体的な満足度を高めました.
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- 緩和ケアとは,緩和ケアです.
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
背景:
- ホスピスケアでは,介護老人ホームの住人の終末期医療の質を高めることができます.
- この集団ではホスピスの利用率が低いままであり,しばしば医師が患者の好みを認識していないことが原因です.
研究 の 目的:
- ホスピスケアに適した居住者を特定することで,利用率を高め,終末期ケアの質を向上させることができるかどうかを評価する.
- コミュニケーションの介入がホスピスの入院率とケア品質に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- ランダム化制御試験で,米国の3つの施設で205人の介護老人ホームの住人やその代理の意思決定者が参加しました.
- ホスピスに適した住人を特定するために,構造化されたインタビューを用いた介入であり,その後,ホスピス情報訪問のための医師通知が行われます.
主要な成果:
- 30日以内にホスピスに入院する割合は,介入グループでは著しく高かった (20%対1%;P<.001).
- インターベンション・レジデントは,急性ケア入院数が少なく (0.28 vs 0.49; P=.04) 短縮された急性ケア滞在 (1.2 vs 3.0日; P=.03) を経験しました.
- 介入患者の家族は,より高いケア品質の評価 (4.1対2.5;P=.04) を報告した.
結論:
- 単純なコミュニケーションの介入は,ホスピスへの紹介を効果的に増加させ,終末期介護の評価を向上させます.
- この介入は,急性ケアにおける資源利用の減少にもつながる可能性があります.
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