鳥類の肺の基本的な設計と,非鳥類のセロポッド恐竜の通気管の流れ
Patrick M O'Connor1, Leon P A M Claessens
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 228 Irvine Hall, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA. oconnorp@ohiou.edu
Nature
|July 15, 2005
まとめ
この研究では,マジュンガトロール・アトプスを含む非鳥類のセロポッド恐竜は,鳥類に似たエアサックシステムを保有していたことが明らかになった. これは,鳥の呼吸器系が壊れていることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 比較解剖学 比較解剖学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- 鳥は,効率的な呼吸に不可欠なエアサックシステムに関連したユニークな骨格の空気力を発揮します.
- 絶滅したアーコサウルスの骨格の空気力は観察されていますが,鳥類の呼吸器の進化との関連は不明でした.
- 鳥の呼吸器系には,高度な適合性のある空気袋と,絶え間ない空気の流れのためのパラブロンキアル肺があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 非鳥類のセロポッドにおける鳥類の呼吸器系の進化的起源を調査する.
- セロポッドの骨格の空気力が,鳥類型の呼吸器系と相関するかどうかを判断する.
- 基礎性セロポッドのエアサックシステムの存在を特定するために.
主な方法:
- 現存する鳥類と化石のセロポッドにおける地域特有の骨格肺動性の比較分析.
- 呼吸器に関連する骨格の特徴を記録するために,マジュンガトロールス・アトプスの新しい標本の検査.
- 化石の証拠に基づいた潜在的なエアサックシステムの解剖学の再構築.
主要な成果:
- 非鳥類のセロポッドで発見された子宮頸部と腹部のエアサックシステムの証拠.
- 鳥型の吸気ポンプの前提条件を示す胸部骨格構造を特定した.
- これらの特徴は,鳥類に遠い親類であるセロポッドであるマジュンガトゥルス・アトプスに存在していました.
結論:
- 基礎的ネオテロポッドは,鳥類の基本的肺構造 (バウプラン) を持っていた可能性が高い.
- 肺の通気流は,鳥に限ったものではなく,セロポッド恐竜の一般的な特徴である可能性が高い.
- 鳥の呼吸器系は,より広範囲に広がったセロポッドの呼吸器系から進化した.
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