手洗いが子どもの健康に与える影響:ランダム化対照試験
Stephen P Luby1, Mubina Agboatwalla, Daniel R Feikin
1Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sluby@icddrb.org
Lancet (London, England)
|July 19, 2005
まとめ
石で手を洗うことを奨励することで,小児における肺炎,下痢,インペチゴが著しく減少しました. この単純な介入は,世界中の主要な小児疾患と死亡を予防する鍵です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 感染症予防 感染症予防
- 小児科は小児科です.
背景:
- 下痢や急性下呼吸器感染症は,5歳未満の子供の年間350万人以上の死亡の原因となっています.
- 手洗いを促進することは,幼児死亡率を減らすための潜在的低コストの介入です.
研究 の 目的:
- 小児における急性呼吸器感染症,インペチゴ,下痢の発生率に対する,石で手洗いを奨励する効果を評価する.
- 手洗い介入において,普通の石と抗菌石の有効性を比較する.
主な方法:
- パキスタン・カラチでランダム化制御試験が行われ,25の地域が手洗いを推進する地域と11の地域がコントロール地域として割り当てられた.
- プロモーションエリアの世帯は,普通の石か抗菌石のいずれかを受け,手洗いを奨励し,症状を記録するために1年間毎週訪問を行いました.
- 主なアウトカムには,下痢,インペチゴ,急性呼吸器感染症の発生率が含まれ,治療の意図によって分析されました.
主要な成果:
- 普通の石で手を洗うことを奨励すると,5歳未満の子どもでは,対照群と比較して,肺炎の発生率が50%減少しました.
- 普通の石を使用した15歳未満の子供では,下痢の発生率が53%減少し,インペチゴは34%減少しました.
- 普通の石と抗菌石のグループでは,疾患発生率の有意な違いは観察されなかった.
結論:
- 石で手を洗うことは,小児死亡の主な原因である下痢や急性下呼吸器感染症を予防するための非常に効果的な介入です.
- また,毎日石で入浴することは,インペチゴの予防に有効であることが示されています.
- この研究は,子どもの生存のために石で手洗いを促進することの公衆衛生上の重要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Hand hygiene
Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Hand washing...
Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment
Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may not kill all microorganisms. The handwashing procedure requires a hand wash basin, liquid soap, paper towels, a domestic waste bin, and disposable nail cleaner as optional equipment.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated.
Standard Precaution
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
What is an Experiment?
An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps
The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury. The nails must be short and clean, without nail paint...
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury. The nails must be short and clean, without nail paint...
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps
To wash hands properly, follow these steps:


