土地利用による地球規模の影響
Jonathan A Foley1, Ruth Defries, Gregory P Asner
1Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53726, USA. jfoley@wisc.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 26, 2005
まとめ
人間のニーズによって引き起こされる地球規模の土地利用の変化は,世界中の生態系に影響を及ぼしています. これらの変化の管理は,生物圏の長期的な健康と即時の要求のバランスをとる上で極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- グローバルエコロジー グローバルエコロジー
- 持続可能性科学 持続可能性科学
背景:
- 土地利用の変化は,局所的な問題ではなく,世界的な環境問題としてますます認識されています.
- 60億人を超える人々の食料や住居などの資源の必要性によって引き起こされる人間の活動により,森林,農地,水路が世界中で変化しています.
- 耕地,牧草地,プランテーション,都市部の拡大により,エネルギー,水,肥料の消費が増加し,生物多様性が著しく減少しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 土地利用の変化の世界的な重要性を強調するために.
- 地球の資源と生態系サービスに対する,人間の土地利用拡大の影響を検証する.
- 人間のニーズと生物圏の長期的な能力のバランスをとるという課題を枠組みにすること.
主な方法:
- この研究は,主に地球規模での土地利用の変化に関する既存の知識の統合と分析である.
- それは,土地利用拡大の傾向と関連する資源消費と生物多様性への影響をレビューします.
- この研究は,これらの変化が生態系の機能やサービスに与える影響をまとめています.
主要な成果:
- グローバルな土地利用は著しく拡大し,地球の資源に対する需要が増加しています.
- 資源消費と生物多様性の損失の関連した増加は,世界中で顕著です.
- 土地利用の変化による地球の資源の人類による所有は,生態系サービスを潜在的に損なう可能性があります.
結論:
- 土地利用の変化は,深刻な影響を及ぼす世界的な環境変化の主要な原動力である.
- 人間の即時的なニーズと,生態系における不可欠なサービスの保全の間のトレードオフを管理することが極めて必要である.
- 持続可能な土地管理は,生物圏が長期的に生命を支える能力を維持するために不可欠です.
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