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ジュラ初期のプロザオロポッド恐竜の胚とその進化的意義
Robert R Reisz1, Diane Scott, Hans-Dieter Sues
1Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. rreisz@utm.utoronto.ca
まとめ
新しく発見されたマッソポンドイルス・キャリナトゥス (Massospondylus carinatus) の胚は,初期の恐竜の発達を明らかにしている. 幼生は成人とは異なり四足で,後の巨大サウロポッドの進化の経路を示唆し,親の介護が必要であった.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 脊椎動物学 脊椎動物学
背景:
- 南アフリカにあるジュラ紀下期のエリオット・フォーメーションは,関節を持つ恐竜の胚を産んだ.
- プロザオロポッドは,マッソポンドイルス・キャリナトゥス (Massospondylus carinatus) のように,初期の恐竜の系統を表しています.
- オントジェネティックの発達を理解することは,恐竜の進化を再構築するために非常に重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 胚化石を用いて,Massospondylus carinatusのオントジェネティックな発達を調査する.
- 初期の恐竜の移動と潜在的な親の介護の必要性を推論するために.
主な方法:
- Massospondylus carinatus.の関節型の胚化石の分析について
- 胚と成人のマッソポンドイルス (Massospondylus) の比喩的な解剖.
- 胚の姿勢と運動の再構築.
主要な成果:
- 胚のMassospondylus carinatusは,大きな前肢と,横に首を垂らした頭を持ち,幼虫の obligate quadrupedalismを示していた.
- 大人のMassospondylus carinatusは,少なくとも選択的に二足歩行していた.
- 胚の特徴は,親の世話に対する潜在的な要求を示唆する.
結論:
- Massospondylus carinatusのオントゲーニスは,四足の幼虫から選択的に二足の成人に移行したことを示しています.
- この発達パターンは,四足の進化に関する洞察を,四肢アロメトリーを通して,巨大サウロポッドの四足の進化に提供することができる.
- 初期の恐竜の幼生は,発達段階と形態学により,親の介護に頼っていた可能性が高い.
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