過去30年間にわたり,熱帯サイクロンの破壊力が増加しています
1Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. emanuel@texmex.mit.edu
Nature
|August 2, 2005
まとめ
ハリケーンによる破壊的可能性は,1970年代以降,より長い嵐の寿命とより大きな強度により,海面温度上昇と地球温暖化と相関して大幅に増加しました.
科学分野:
- 気候学 気候学
- 気象学 気象学 気象学
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
背景:
- 気候モデルは,地球温暖化によってハリケーンが強くなると予測しています.
- 以前のトレンド検出はハリケーン頻度に焦点を当て,大きな変化を示さなかった.
- ハリケーンによる破壊力は,沿岸部への影響評価の重要な要因である.
研究 の 目的:
- 潜在的なハリケーン破壊力に関する新しい指標を定義し,分析する.
- 1970年代半ば以降のハリケーンによる電力消耗の動向を調査する.
- ハリケーン活動の傾向と,海面温度や地球温暖化などの気候シグナルを相関させるため.
主な方法:
- ハリケーン・パワー・ディシピエーション・インデックスの開発.
- 1970年代半ば以降の歴史的なハリケーンデータの分析.
- 破壊力指数と熱帯海面温度との相関分析.
主要な成果:
- 1970年代半ば以降,ハリケーン破壊力指数の有意な上昇傾向が観察されました.
- この傾向は,嵐の強度と期間が増加したことに起因する.
- 破壊力指数は,熱帯海面温度と強い相関関係を示し,気候変動のシグナルを反映しています.
結論:
- ハリケーンによる破壊的可能性は,地球温暖化の上昇に関連して,増加しています.
- 将来の温暖化は,熱帯サイクロンの破壊的可能性をさらにエスカレートする可能性があります.
- 人口増加と組み合わせると,この傾向は,21世紀にハリケーンによる損失が大幅に増加することを示唆しています.
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