殺人犯の犯罪記録は,殺人犯の犯罪記録に記載されている
Philip J Cook1, Jens Ludwig, Anthony A Braga
1Department of Public Policy Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0245, USA. pcook@duke.edu
JAMA
|August 4, 2005
まとめ
多くの殺人事件には,犯罪歴のある個人が関与していますが,このグループをターゲットにした介入は,致命的な暴力の重要な部分を対処せずに残しています. この発生率を理解することは,効果的な殺人防止戦略の鍵です.
科学分野:
- クリミノロジー 犯罪学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 法医学科学は,法医科学である.
背景:
- 殺人防止戦略は,しばしばリスクの高いグループや一般の人々をターゲットにしています.
- 犯罪歴のある成人は,殺人犯罪の高リスクグループです.
- 殺人犯罪者および一般の人々の間で犯罪歴の有病率は,十分に定量化されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 犯罪歴のある個人を対象とした介入によって対処できる殺人事件の割合を定量化する.
- 人殺しの犯罪に関連した犯罪記録に関連した人口に起因するリスク (PAR) を決定する.
主な方法:
- 1990年から2001年のイリノイ州の逮捕および重罪有罪判決データを用いて,ケース・コントロール分析を実施した.
- 症例は,2001年に殺人罪で逮捕された個人で,対照群は18歳から64歳までのイリノイ州の他の住民でした.
- 過去の犯罪歴の5つの定義が検討され,1990-2000年および1996-2000年のデータが収集されました.
主要な成果:
- 1990年から2000年の間に,殺人犯の42.6%が重罪で有罪判決を受け,対照群の3.9%で,PARは40.3%だった.
- 同じ期間に,犯罪者の71.6%が逮捕され,対照者の18.2%が逮捕され,その結果,PARは65.3%であった.
- 1996年から2000年にかけて,重罪判決と逮捕の PAR はそれぞれ 31.0% と 58.5% でした.
結論:
- 逮捕または有罪判決歴のある個人を対象とした介入は,高リスクグループを対象としているが,致命的な暴力のかなりの部分を対処していない.
- 殺人事件の有意な部分は,犯罪歴のある個人によって行われ,現在の介入戦略の限界を示しています.
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