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関連する概念動画

Polarity of the Cytoskeleton01:18

Polarity of the Cytoskeleton

The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...

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関連する実験動画

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Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts
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Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

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セントロソームの局所化は,ニューロンの極性を決定する.

Froylan Calderon de Anda1, Giulia Pollarolo, Jorge Santos Da Silva

  • 1Cavalieri Ottolenghi Scientific Institute, Universita degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.

Nature
|August 5, 2005
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ニューロンの二極化は,ミトーシス後の最初の形成ニューライトによって導かれます. 非対称なオルガネルダイナミクス,特にセンターソームを含むものは,この重要な神経の極性を確立するために不可欠です.

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In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures
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In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures

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Live-Cell Imaging of Drosophila melanogaster Third Instar Larval Brains
07:06

Live-Cell Imaging of Drosophila melanogaster Third Instar Larval Brains

Published on: June 23, 2023

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts
09:50

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Published on: July 7, 2014

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures
10:45

In Situ Visualization of Axon Growth and Growth Cone Dynamics in Acute Ex Vivo Embryonic Brain Slice Cultures

Published on: October 14, 2021

Live-Cell Imaging of Drosophila melanogaster Third Instar Larval Brains
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Live-Cell Imaging of Drosophila melanogaster Third Instar Larval Brains

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは

背景:

  • ニューロンの二極化,特に軸索の形成は,細胞分裂後の重要なプロセスです.
  • アクソン特異を決定するメカニズムは不明であり,内在的対外的シグナルに関する議論が続いている.
  • ニューロンの極性を理解することは,脳の発達と機能を理解する鍵です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ヒポキャンパスのニューロンにおけるニューロンの偏分を制御する内在的なメカニズムを調査する.
  • 軸索の仕様における臓器細胞の位置と動力の役割を決定する.
  • ニューロンの二極化が,事前にプログラムされた細胞イベントに依存しているかどうかを明らかにするために.

主な方法:

  • ヒポキャンパスの分化ニューロンのライブイメージング in vitro.
  • ミトーシス後の臓器細胞分布 (センターソーム,ゴルギ,エンドソーム) の分析.
  • センターソーム数と機能の操作を含む機能検査.

主要な成果:

  • 軸索は,ミトーシス後の最も早期に発達するニューライトから一貫して形成されます.
  • セントロソーム,ゴルギ,エンドソームはミトーシス平面の反対側に集まって,神経細胞の成長に先行する.
  • 分極化された微小管のポリメリゼーションと膜輸送は,ニューライトの形成前に起こります.
  • セントロソーム数が増加すると,複数のアクソンが形成されます.
  • セントロソーム媒介機能の抑制は,ニューロン分極化を防止します.

結論:

  • 早期のミト後期における非対称な,センターソーム媒介のオーガネルのダイナミクスは,神経の極性を指示する.
  • この内在的なメカニズムは,細胞分裂指向と,その後のニューロンの極化との間の関連性を示唆しています.
  • この発見は,神経細胞の発達におけるサブセルラー組織の重要性を強調しています.