裸のトウモロコシの粒の起源
Huai Wang1, Tina Nussbaum-Wagler, Bailin Li
1Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Nature
|August 5, 2005
まとめ
トウモロコシの家畜化には重要な遺伝子であるテオシンテグラムアーキテクチャー (tga1) が関与し,コアネルの暴露を可能にしました. この単一の遺伝子は,
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 植物遺伝学 植物遺伝学
- 農業科学 農業科学とは
背景:
- トウモロコシ (Zea mays ssp. 化には重要な進化のステップが伴いました:核が保護殻から解放され,その祖先であるテオシンテに存在する特徴です.
- この適応により,トウモロコシの核が露出し,人間にとって生存可能な食物源となり,トウモロコシの進化における重要な瞬間となった.
研究 の 目的:
- トウモロコシとテオシンテのコア殻のフェノタイプの違いを制御する遺伝的基礎を特定する.
- トウモロコシの家畜化過程における特定の遺伝子の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子マッピングは,現象型変異の原因となる領域を特定するために行われます.
- マッピングされた地域内のトウモロコシとテオシンテの遺伝的違いを特定するためのDNA配列分析.
- 選択のシグネチャーを検出するための分子進化の分析.
主要な成果:
- 転写調節体のSBPドメインファミリーに属する単一の遺伝子,テオシンテグラムアーキテクチャー (tga1) は,主要な家畜化特性を制御しています.
- 原因となる遺伝的要因は,1キロベース領域内にあり,トウモロコシとテオシンテの間の固定DNA配列の差異は7つしかありません.
- 1つの違いは,非保守的なアミノ酸の置換を含み,タンパク質の機能に潜在的に影響を及ぼし,他の違いは遺伝子調節に影響を与える可能性があります.
結論:
- 単一の遺伝子のわずかな遺伝的変異は,家畜化と進化の間に顕著な現象的変化を誘導することができます.
- tga1遺伝子は,トウモロコシの家畜化中に選択の主要な標的であり,テオシンテから現代のトウモロコシへの移行を容易にした.
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