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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy01:20

Applications of Molecular Taxonomy

Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...

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New SAR11 isolate genomes and global marine metagenomes resolve ecologically relevant units within the Pelagibacterales.

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

コスモポリティックな海洋細菌のゲノム簡素化.

Stephen J Giovannoni1, H James Tripp, Scott Givan

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 20, 2005
PubMed
まとめ

Pelagibacter ubiqueを含むSAR11海洋バクテリアは,海洋微生物の生命の重要な部分を代表しています. P. ubiqueは,自由に生きる生物の最も小さな既知のゲノムを持ち,その大きさにもかかわらず完全な代謝経路を特徴としています.

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Genome-wide Gene Deletions in Streptococcus sanguinis by High Throughput PCR
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Genome-wide Gene Deletions in Streptococcus sanguinis by High Throughput PCR

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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

Genome-wide Gene Deletions in Streptococcus sanguinis by High Throughput PCR
14:07

Genome-wide Gene Deletions in Streptococcus sanguinis by High Throughput PCR

Published on: November 23, 2012

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08:03

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科学分野:

  • マリン・マイクロバイオロジー
  • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
  • プロテオバクテリア,プロテオバクテリア.

背景:

  • SAR11クラードは,豊富な,小さな,異質性海洋アルファ-プロテオバクテリアを含む.
  • これらのバクテリアは,海洋環境におけるすべての微生物細胞の約25%を占めています.

研究 の 目的:

  • SAR11クラドの最初の培養代表である Pelagibacter ubique を特徴づけるために.
  • P. ubiqueのゲノム特性,特に最小のゲノムサイズと代謝能力について調査する.

主な方法:

  • ゲノムシーケンシングとペラギバクターユビークの解析.
  • 比較ゲノミクスで,P. ubiqueと他の小ゲノム微生物を比較する.

主要な成果:

  • ペラギバクター・ユビークは,自由に生きる微生物の中で,最小のゲノムと最も少ない予測されたオープン・リーディングフレームを示しています.
  • その最小限のゲノムにもかかわらず,P. ubiqueは20のアミノ酸とほとんどのコファクターの完全な生物合成経路を保持しています.
  • ゲノムは例外的に簡素化され,偽遺伝子,イントロン,トランポゾンがなく,最小限のパラログとインターゲン間隔を持つ.

結論:

  • P. ubiqueは,自由に生きる海洋バクテリアのゲノム縮小の極端な例です.
  • 生物のゲノム構造は,その生態学的成功と海洋での広範な分布を支えている.